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India prays for rain as water wars break out

GETHIN CHAMBERLAIN - Jul 15 2009 06:00
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The monsoon is late, the wells are running dry and in the teeming city of Bhopal, water supply is now a deadly issue.

It was a little after 8pm when the water started flowing through the pipe running beneath the dirt streets of Bhopal's Sanjay Nagar slum. After days without a drop of water, the Malviya family were the first to reach the hole they had drilled in the pipe, filling what containers they had as quickly as they could. Within minutes, three of them were dead, hacked to death by angry neighbours who accused them of stealing water.

In Bhopal, and across much of northern India, a late monsoon and the driest June for 83 years are exacerbating the effects of a widespread drought and setting neighbour against neighbour in a desperate fight for survival.

India's vast farming economy is on the verge of a major crisis. The lack of rain has hit the northern part of the country worst, but even in Mumbai, which has experienced some heavy rainfall and flooding, authorities were forced to cut the water supply by 30% last week as water levels in the lakes serving the city ran perilously low.

Across the country, from Gujarat to Hyderabad, in Andhra Pradesh, the state that claims to be 'the rice-bowl of India', special services have been held to pray for more rain after cumulative monsoon season figures fell 43% below average.

On Friday, agriculture minister Sharad Pawar said the country was facing a drought-like situation which was a "matter for concern", with serious problems developing in states such as Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

In Bhopal, which bills itself as the City of Lakes, patience is already at breaking point. The largest lake, the 1 000-year-old, man-made Upper Lake, had reduced in size from 38 square kilometres to five square kilometres by the start of last week.

The population of 1,8-million has been rationed to 30 minutes of water supply every other day since October. That became one day in three as the monsoon failed to materialise. In Indore nearby the ration is half an hour's supply every seven days.

The UN has warned for many years that water shortage will become one of the most pressing problems on the planet over the coming decades, with one report estimating that four billion people will be affected by 2050.

CONTINUES BELOW


What is happening in India, which has too many people in places where there is not enough water, is a foretaste of what is to come.

In Bhopal, where 100 000 people rely solely on the water tankers that shuttle backwards and forwards across the city, fights are breaking out regularly. In the Pushpa Nagar slum, the arrival of the first tanker for two days prompted a frantic scramble, men jostling women and children in their determination to get to the precious water first.

Young men scrambled on to the back of the tanker, jamming green plastic pipes through the hole on the top, passing them down to their wives or mothers waiting on the ground to siphon the water off into whatever they had managed to find: old cooking oil containers were popular, but even paint pots were pressed into service. A few children crawled beneath the tanker in the hope of catching the spillage.

In the Durga Dham slum, where the tanker stops about 100m away from a giant water tower built to provide a supply for a more upmarket area nearby, Chand Miya, the local committee chairman, watched a similar scene.

There was simply not enough water to go around, he said. "During the last five or six years it has been raining much less. The population has increased, but the water supply is still the same." Every family needed about 100 litres a days for drinking, cooking and washing, he said, and people had no idea when the tanker would come again.

Not everyone gets a tanker delivery. The city has 380 registered slums, but there are numerous other shanties where people have to find their own methods. Some, like the Malviyas, tap into the main supply. Others cluster around the ventilation valves for the main pipelines that stick up out of the ground from place to place, trying to catch the small amounts of water leaking out.

In the Balveer Nagar slum, 250 families have no supply at all. The women get up in the middle of the night to walk the 2km to the nearest pumping station, where someone has removed a couple of bricks from the base to allow a steady flow of water to pour out.

A few communities have received help from non-governmental organisations. In the Arjun Nagar slum a 115m borewell has been drilled by Water Aid to provide water for 100 families, each paying 40 rupees a month.

Until the well was drilled, Shaheen Anjum, a mother-of-four, got up at 2.30am each day to fetch water, wheeling a bike with five or six containers strapped to it to the nearest public pipe in the hope of beating the queues. "Often we would get there and the water would not be running. It was so tiring: the children were suffering and getting ill because they had to come too," she said.

"The tankers used to come, but there were so many fights that the driver used to run away."

Water Aid is working in 17 of the city's 380 registered slums, providing water and sanitation. "It's not just Bhopal. This has been a drought year for many districts," said Suresh Chandra Jaiswal, the technical officer. "Now it has reached a critical stage. We just don't know any more how long the water will last."

Fifty years ago, Bhopal had a population of 100 000; today it is 1,8-million and rising. In a good year the city might get more than a metre of rain between July and September, but last year the figure was only 700mm. There are plans to divert water to Bhopal from the Narmada river, 70km away, but even then, many are still likely to go without.

The Malviyas' neighbours cluster around the hole in the street outside the house where Jeevan Malviya lived with his wife Gyarasi, their son Raju, 18, and their four other children. It was the evening of 13 May, said Sunita Bai, a female relative: a local man, Dinu, thought they had blocked the pipe to stop the water flowing further down the hill. He and a group of friends slapped Gyarasi; Raju tried to stop him. Someone produced a sword and, a few minutes later, the Malviyas lay dying in the dirt.

"We were too afraid to do anything," said a woman who gave her name as Shanno. "Dinu didn't want them to take any water. He wanted it for himself."

Everyone stood around, looking down at the hole in the ground. The pipe is dry. "It is terrible thing that people should be fighting over water" said Shanno. -- guardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media 2009
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This will be the scenario for the whole world in the near future.
Over population is one reason the global warming, destruction of the rainforest another. I know people in the slums are not well educated and don't get informed by means of literature. So, is it not time that that goverments step in and limit the amount of childeren a family can have, like in China. There is no quality of life for these childeren anyway. Compulsory birthcontol is the anwser for all countries who will face starvation due to low yelds of their farms or drought stricken. Is that not a rationale thing to do? Don't think that it will happen though!
Ben Sibeijn on July 15, 2009, 11:10 am
I have to agree with you, Ben - both that compulsory population control is long overdue in developing countries, and that it'll never happen. It strikes me that a nation's collective leaning towards self distruction and a government's insistence on ignoring the truth will be the end of us all.
Shelley on July 15, 2009, 1:09 pm
I disgree with the both of you. Here are you talking about India, or you are busy talking of other countries elsewhere or its a direct attack on South Africa or Zimbabwe. We should not forget the subject, the water crisis in India. The reasons why the Bopal waters are considered to be deadly IS SOMETHING ELSE.

Please lets not mix issues as always.

The Bhopal disaster is frequently cited as the world's worst industrial disaster caused by a British Company which refused to clean the waters around Bhopal. The ground water was affected ever since, and when it rains the fresh water remains at the top, whilst the deadly toxics remain at the bottom. Once the water levels are low, the people will continue to drink the toxic waters which affect their health. Birth control does not help, because it also has its effects in long terms. For example Japan is having an old aging work force and the rate of the young workers verses those nearing retirement, is causing concern in Japan. Th same applies to German, The UK and US. China and India's population numbers are the main driving force for their development. Weather forecast is important, but even with cloud seeding, wind direction can not be influenced by technology. Even when using Desalination Technologies, which are used mostly in the indian ocean by the Arabian countries this can be the major contributors which are affecting the warmth of the ocean which in turn affect rainfall. Lets find solutions to problems instead of this childish slandering African Governments as good for nothing wont solve the problems. There is enough knowledge and capable people who know what to do as long as they are given the support, not just money. Throwing money to people does not solve things, its about research and assistance to develop methods to technology. Tecnhology is not only from Europe, for why should Africa fail to develop solar systems which pump water from underground and generate electricity which is readily and cheaply available around Africa.
Thuthukani Mkhize on July 15, 2009, 5:14 pm
india has the largest number of doctors in the world. The highest numebr of poor people in the world. The highest number of wealth people in the world. Yet someone is belittling them from South Africa, its more about jealousy. I was informed by a professional person, that now india is going to be venturing into Tourism Medical Treatments. To reconcile what is happening in India with the level of poverty is vast differences. There are over 600 million destitute living in poverty, but we only hear about starving Africans. No wonder we get comments from people like Shelly and Ben, whilst the pictures shown are for pushing for an ugly agenda. That African dont know anything, except if they are given Aid they would die, that is the greatest lie. Watch and learn Africa is not going to be a laughing stock any more, Euroepans economies have failed and are failing apart.
George Antwi on July 15, 2009, 6:19 pm
I live in Japan at the moment. People are worried about this issue:
"For example Japan is having an old aging work force and the rate of the young workers verses those nearing retirement, is causing concern in Japan."
I'm no statistician, or economist, or anything like that. But what I want to know is this: if we have to have positive population growth to keep our economies running, is the world population supposed to grow forever and ever? Surely we don't have the space, and much more alarmingly in many places, the water. So how do we get around it?
Strasheim on July 16, 2009, 1:56 am
I do agree with you Thuthukani Mkhize. plz let them worry about Africa since India is in Africa. They don't want to read and do some reseach yet they want to comment.
pingpong afrijap on July 16, 2009, 6:23 am
It's called a conversation, guys. There's no rule here to say one thread of thought can't lead to another. And of course it's not an attack on SA or Zim to be deeply concerned about a growing population of impoverished people and starving kids struggling to survive on dwindling resources. If more of us cared about realities rather than semantics, perhaps we wouldn't have such a problem.
Shelley on July 16, 2009, 8:09 am
Thuthukani Mkhize - the British are responsible for Bhopal's water woes? There is an interesting leap of logic. Nothing to do with too many people and natural limits to growth then? Very reassuring to hear that...
H C on July 16, 2009, 9:49 am
I find it more common now these days. People hear, but don't listen to what is said and read with a subjective mind. When they read the first sentence their mind goes to a narrow mode,try to find anything sinister in what the other person has to say. Nowhere in my comments did I mention any particular continent or country. I merely stated that is becoming WORLD wide problem. And that the WORLD can not sustain the rate the population is growing. Economics, wealth or no wealth more doctors etc. (what has that to do with the topic?) So when you read something try to be objective and not subjective.
Ben Sibeijn on July 16, 2009, 10:01 am
Thuthukani Mkhize,

Yes, the story is about india, however, the message is valid for south Africa. It is a fact that south Africa is an arid country, india not. Combine our growing population, available resources, , aging technology and infrastructure, poor municipal governance, corruption, non compliance of water and wastewater treatment works, ecological degradation, etc and you’ll get a pending war for one of life’s necessities; water. Its not a black or white thing, its not a rich or poor thing… without water you’ll perish, my friend.

You are right about one thing though ‘There is enough knowledge and capable people who know what to do as long as they are given the support, not just money.’. Unfortunately, when was the last time you’ve seen proactive governance in our country? When was the last time people were satisfied with service delivery? When as the last time our government had sufficient funds to pay their employees? If our government does not have sufficient planning or economical resources, how are we supposed to evade this tragedy staring us in the face? Keep in mind, a one year drought will most certainly make my point very clear.
moloko moloko on July 16, 2009, 2:48 pm
moloko moloko

Excuses are at time a sign of poor planing and it did start recently. Life spans of infrastructures need to be taken into consideration as well, and without having set aside replacement money, it does not grow from trees over night.

This issue of running out of resources is a wrong analysis. Check thing like this, as a country DRC is equal to the size of the whole western Europe from Russia, the number of population tells us clearly. DRC population is only 60 million people, whilst The UK has a population of 65 million a country the size of Kruger National Park. The is enough resources within Africa, including water, but at times, most African countries are spend most of thier time on comsumption items and on internal protection instead of interlinkages for better development. The Congo River if it was controlled could supply enough water through Africa to places like Botswana Kalahari and turn that area into agricultural areas, just like what is happening in the Sahara desert. The Zambezi River the same could be done and supply all the arid areas with steady reliable water sources which could increase food production. So much water is just left to flow into the Indian Ocean and Altantic Ocean and then people cry foul when there are droughts. Planing, strategies and vision is need more than having a powerful military. Africa waste its resources buying useless things because of showing off and wanting to be seen, for what? Poverty is an excuse at time of lack of planing and think in short term instead of long term like 50 years.
Thuthukani Mkhize on July 16, 2009, 4:31 pm
Sorry but every time I read an article about water, I have to beat this drum: There is alternative technology available to replace water borne sewerage systems i.e. dry toilets or urine diversion systems.
Government is building thousands of RDP houses, so why are they missing an opportunity of installing urine diversion systems into these houses? This would decrease the burden on tap water supplies and water treatment plants and decrease sewerage contamination of our rivers.
Andrew Slaughter on July 16, 2009, 5:03 pm
There is plenty of technology which replaces the old pond sewage systems. The latest technology uses bacteria to clean water, and use the gases to generate electricity without having to use thermal power stations, but to get these on ground needs political commitment and serious money to buy the rights to use these technologies. Was doing a research on sewages and found out a Zimbabwean Engineer just completed and commissioned this technology for The City Of London. Water will be needed, but the amount of flashing the toilet can be reduced, as the end uses for toilet waste in a billion dollar industry, which South Africa is throwing away.
Thuthukani Mkhize on July 16, 2009, 5:15 pm
Thuthukani Mkhize - Your comment: ‘This issue of running out of resources is a wrong analysis.'

Your examples given for your argument is very poor. DRC is situated on the equator and has more than triple South Africa’s rainfall, and have you ever been to the UK, it rains all the time. These are not ARID countries, however, south Africa is. In addition, your hypothesis of using the Congo river to feed the continent is an indication of your lack of understanding regarding water cycle, ecology and economy. Furthermore, the basis of your comment, that we do not have a water shortage, is misinformed and you obviously did not look at any literature published by independent and government bodies, i.e. DWAF, WRC, EWISA etc. which all agree that we have a severy water shortage in our country. I am amased that there are still people sharing your view!


Your reference to modern technologies, using bacteria to clean water and using the gas to generate electricity is as old as the first sewage treatment plant. We do not require more investment in capital projects, we require effective management of our current purification works, we require that municipalities comply with DWAF standards for wastewater treated effluent. I agree with Andrew, the UDS (or dry sanitation systems) is the way to go. We don’t need new technology but appropriate technology.
moloko moloko on July 17, 2009, 8:11 am
you know this "london it rains all the time" thing is really tiring. for one thing, it's not entirely the rain that counts, it's the constant cloudiness with high humidity which is what keeps the british isles [and most of northern europe] so green.

put another way, bloemfontein averages only 10 percent less rain than london; johannesburg averages nearly 10% *more*. [and new york, btw, averages twice as much rain as london, but you don't hear people talking about how cloudy and overcast new york is, now do you?]

it's not the rainfall in and of itself; it's the delivery mechanism. one of the worst droughts in recent american memory, fwiw, resulted from the clouds taunting the south for *months* without rain. [atlanta is still under serious water restrictions].

yet again, we have the standard white people whining about foo when the real whine should be about bar. but whatever keeps you lot in your air of pseudo-superiority. eish.
ursa negro on July 17, 2009, 6:39 pm
moloko moloko

The sewarage TM is talking about is the latest technology in the world, France has one, UK has rolled out one less than 6 months ago, and these still not available in Africa. Digestive ponds also use bacteria, but this is not the system being talked about. If it was so just one plant can generate enough power to Cape Town, so research again my friend. Are you talking about bucket system again, and calling it new technology, what rubbish is that its now called D.U.U.T is what you are talking about, how is this then collected from the toilets once they are full?
George Antwi on July 18, 2009, 2:35 am
India is getting exactly what it deserves.
It amazes me how couples who live in a slum, with no water and basic facilities, still have the audactiy to breed.
A one child policy for India, with mandatory sterilization of the lower classes is a must.
Selvan Govender on July 18, 2009, 7:12 pm
i too have no sympathy for india. you might not have had a choice about whether or not you live in a slum, but you MOST CERTAINLY DO HAVE A CHOICE about having children. No argument in the world is going to change that. Nuff said.
Skhokho 2010 on July 20, 2009, 12:49 pm
children in african and india and all indigenous cultures are symbols of wealth and prosperity, and are loved even in poverty. obviously all you borgeoius colonial worshippers have been so thoroughly enslaved into accepting western ideals as a way of life that you see nothing else. On the contrary india's natural resources are much more threatened by multi national corporations, eg. coca cola, and many others, well documented too. who steal natural resources from developing countries while using cheap labour to maintain their super brands, than they are by growing poulations.

and ofcourse well educated, well read people, must know that 80% of the worlds non renewable resources are currently used by 15% of its populations. Poor people everywhere, india, s.a, zim know how to recycle and already live sustainable lives. its the rich who need to learn to curb their greed.

Population control as promoted by the ignorant blind green-ers is just another genocide of teh poor , oh and co-incidentally non white people of the wrld.
caio
anema yhcrana on July 22, 2009, 4:46 pm
Yes, I see the great wealth and prosperity of the lower caste Indian kids playing in the sewers, or the proud Africans selling their precious bundles of joy to barren American pop-stars. The last time the `West` had a bust up over resources and wealth, we saw 2 world wars. Now its the time for India and China to start slitting each other´s throats. Water and energy are 2 simple ways of this happening.......or like the Chinese, Indians, Pakis, Arabs and Africans should start implementing a one child policy....one way of ridding poverty is to get rid of the poor...cos they serve no significant use in the world.
Khalsa Singh on July 26, 2009, 11:03 pm
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