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Fly me to Mars. One-way

PAUL DAVIES - Sep 16 2009 07:14
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Neil Armstrong's first small step for man was widely believed to be the start of a long and glorious road to the stars. Forty years after the first Moon landing, the dream has faded. Astronauts have been stuck in low-Earth orbit, boldly going nowhere. American attempts to kick-start a new phase of lunar exploration have stalled amid the realisation that Nasa's budget is too small for the job. And last week, a committee chaired by the aerospace engineer Norman Augustine concluded that "no plan compatible with the ... 2010 budget profile permits human exploration to continue in any meaningful way".

Clearly, some creative thinking is badly needed if humans are to have a future beyond Earth. Returning to the Moon may be worthy and attainable, but it fails to capture the public's imagination. What does get people excited is the prospect of a mission to Mars. The lure of the red planet lies in its Earth-like conditions and the tantalising prospect of some form of life.

Unfortunately, existing plans are absurdly expensive and will remain unrealistic for decades. But there is a way to put humans on Mars with foreseeable technology, and at a fraction of the projected cost. Five years ago I made the radical proposal that a handful of astronauts be sent on a one-way journey to Mars. I am not talking about a suicide mission. With its protective atmosphere, accessible water and carbon dioxide, and significant amounts of methane, Mars is one of the few places in the solar system that could support a human colony.

By eliminating the need to transport heavy fuel and equipment for the return journey, costs could be slashed by 80% or more. Supplies and a power source would be sent on ahead, and only when everything is functional would astronauts be dispatched. The base would be re-supplied from Earth every two years. Of course the mission would still be highly risky, but so is round-the-world ballooning and mountaineering. The ideal astronauts would be scientists and engineers who could continue to do world-class science while serving as trailblazers for the colonisation of a new planet. Eventually, more people would join them. After a century or two, the colony could become self-sustaining.

The first Martians would have to accept reduced life expectancy due to radiation, lack of advanced medical resources and lower gravity, but a return journey entails similar hazards. Moreover, the most dangerous parts of space exploration are take-off and landing: cutting out the return halves the risk.

I have presented my idea at Nasa conferences, and discussed it with scientists in other countries. The response has nearly always been positive. There is a persistent myth that nobody would volunteer to go. In fact, I have found no shortage of eager scientists, young and old, who say they would accept a one-way ticket. So my proposal makes financial and scientific sense, but it leaves us with the key question: why?

A permanent base on Mars would have a number of advantages beyond being a bonanza for planetary science and geology. If, as some evidence suggests, exotic micro-organisms have arisen independently of terrestrial life, studying them could revolutionise biology, medicine and biotechnology.

Mars would also provide an excellent forward base for exploring and mining the asteroid belt, and developing whole new industries. A self-sustaining Mars colony would serve as a "lifeboat" in the event of a global catastrophe on Earth. In coming centuries, our civilisation faces small but persistent threats from comet and asteroid impacts, world wars, global pandemics and climatic upheavals, any of which could wipe out all humanity. An outpost on Mars would keep the flame of human culture alight even in the worst-case scenario.

Perhaps the best motivation for going to Mars is political. It is obvious that no single nation currently has either the will or the resources to do it alone, but a consortium of nations and space agencies could achieve it within 20 years. A worldwide project to create a second home for humankind elsewhere in the solar system would be the greatest adventure our species has embarked upon since walking out of Africa 100 000 years ago, and provide a unifying influence unparalleled in history. With Nasa's manned space programme back in the melting pot, now is the time to put a one-way mission to Mars at the top of the space exploration agenda. - guardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media 2009

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What a great idea. each country should nominate one person to take the trip: - Julius for South Africa, Bob for Zimbabwe ......etc. etc.
Mike Edward on September 16, 2009, 8:49 am
Can I suggest Tony Blair for GB and George Bush for USA, steven kuny
on September 16, 2009, 11:36 am
Oh, excellent idea. We've buggered up one planet, so let's go out and bugger up another one....
Red Panda on September 16, 2009, 11:49 am
I think it's a brilliant idea - it would be such a fantastic challenge, and require the development of new technology which would undoubtedly have applications elsewhere... Most importantly, it would help satisfy the human urge to explore the outer planets, as a stepping stone to even greater things. The cooperation required would surely be a unifying force - certainly amongst the scientific community.

Paul Davies has always been one of my favourite science writers, full of interesting ideas and very authoritative. It doesn't surprise me that he would come up with such a remarkable, visionary plan!
Cathy Butterworth on September 16, 2009, 12:44 pm
How about we clean up our own backyard first? NASA should rather invest in sustainable technology before we stuff up another planet. Over 2 billion people are undernourished or have no access to safe drinking water, and we are making species extinct at a rate of knots. Yah, sending scientists to Mars is far more important. Wait til the nations start fighting about national boundaries and mineral deposits as they get there..
chris on September 16, 2009, 2:36 pm
While I agree that there are many problems on this planet that require attention, as Chris above states, these kinds of programs have ways of producing technological leaps and bounds that would not be possible otherwise. It's the difference between putting out a small fire currently burning and clearing all the flammable materials that could catch fire later on. Hundreds, maybe thousands of current day technologies would not have been possible without the help and funding of the original space missions, including a great deal of renewable energy programs.

I honestly lose my breath when I think of how amazing it would be to hear the voice of an astronaut coming back from Mars. It would reinvigorate an entirely new generation of engineers and scientist. I think if there are willing souls to sacrifice for the greater good (and get some awesome views of space), this plan should be green-lighted immediately. We always think humanity's ingenuity knows no bounds and this would be the best way to show it.
Chris Gammell on September 16, 2009, 9:17 pm
@Chris:
If wait until the perfect moment in human history, to do anything great -- waiting until no one is starving, until there are no conflicts, or no strife -- then humanity will never do anything great.

There will always be people living in terrible conditions, in conflict zones, hungry. Always. That is the nature of human life on Earth, sadly.

We have to move forward, expand, and achieve great and new things. The more we achieve and the more we have forward, then hopefully the more we can help those who are suffering.

But just because someone is suffering, doesn't mean we must put our future on hold.

Spending money on grand ventures like this, is not like we are taking the money and launching into deep space. The money is spent on the salaries of scientists and engineers, and the janitors who clean their offices at night. Those people buy house, cars, and put their kids through college. Science and engineering is an important core part of our economy that has many spinoffs that help others.

We can't stop innovation, and we can't stop pushing forward for great and grand goals... we have to keep moving forward.
Velocity Wave on September 16, 2009, 10:36 pm
You should read about United Launch Alliance's blueprint for space exploration at http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/09/ula-claim-gap-reducing-solution-via-eelv-exploration-master-plan/

They're proposing a plan that would allow affordable access for Lunar exploration and provide the foundation for other near Earth goals such as Mars. With their plan, a return trip from Mars just might not be the budget busting experience that it is in most scenarios.

With that said, it does make a lot of sense that the first explorers to Mars understand that there's no guarantee of a return home. Makes the motivation to really build a human outpost that much greater.
Jim Gagnon on September 17, 2009, 12:44 am
First of all, I completely agree with this approach. Colonizing Mars is vital to the survival of the human species. As it stands, a single solar event or impact will kill us all.

However, I strongly disagree with the idea that the initial colonizers should be scientists. The people we need are those who can survive there by building and growing everything needed to provide for basic human needs. Scientists are no good at that. We need machinists, plumbers, farmers, nuclear technicians, construction workers, miners, welders, electricians, glassblowers, mechanics, handymen, and chemists. Scientists produce only knowledge, and knowledge can be transmitted from earth. Scientists can come later, once the basic infrastructure has been built.

I would go in a heartbeat, with no hope of return.
Corey Geving on September 17, 2009, 1:48 am
Any hope of solving our problems on this planet are already being fought for and is or clearly isn't working. A permanent base on Mars certainly could open the door to migrating off this planet. Mars is rich in iron and various other resources useful for a metals and space launch industries. It's expensive to lift things off the Earth but Mars has only 38% of Earth's gravity. Besides having to live in shelters or protective suits, Mars has everything we need to sustain life and various industries. And, global warming would be a plus.

On Earth, we are locked in political power struggles due to respect for the poorly educated and plain idiots. Education is the problem. We've focused so much on furthering the education of those who do well academically and weeding out those that don't that we are now being over-run by those who didn't. And the masses of idiots we have created will destroy us all. Education should be about lifted everyone's current level as high as can be. Extra help should go to those struggling perhaps even more than those who are excelling. We've had our priorities backwards.
Matthew Tedder on September 17, 2009, 4:12 am
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