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News | Africa | North Africa

Sudan's new year of fear

ROS WYNNE-JONES - Jan 06 2010 07:31
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On Saturday, there will be exactly a year left to prevent the return of a conflict that was once the longest-running in Africa -- Sudan's north-south war, which claimed about two million lives. With elections due this year and 365 days left until the crucial referendum on independence for the south, concern is growing among analysts, advocacy groups and NGOs working in Sudan that the spectre of widespread conflict is once again a reality.

The comprehensive peace agreement that ended the 22-year civil war between north and south Sudan has its fifth anniversary on January 9. Anyone who visited the south during those years, the camps of displaced people in the north, or the refugee camps that sprang up along the Ethiopian border, will know how important it is to prevent the re-ignition of that war.

Of the millions killed, hundreds of thousands were burned to death in their southern tribal villages, with women and children captured and taken to the north of the country. Entire communities were eradicated from the map in a country whose remote vastness hid the atrocities from the eyes of the world.

Cocktail of violence, poverty
This week sees the launch of Sudan365, a global campaign, as well as a major joint-agency report -- Rescuing the Peace in Southern Sudan -- which warns that a cocktail of rising violence, chronic poverty and political tensions has left the peace deal on the brink of collapse. On January 11 Daniel Deng, the archbishop of the Episcopal church of Sudan, and Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury, will meet British Prime Minister Gordon Brown to discuss the growing crisis. A new Chatham House report urges the international community to re-engage with Sudan; and Glenys Kinnock, the minister for Africa, is travelling out there this week

By comparison with past casualties recent skirmishes seem minimal. But with the inter-agency report recording 2 500 lives lost in a single year -- a serious spike -- the ceasefire is in open crisis. Meanwhile, 350 000 people have been displaced from their homes.

Analysts note that both sides of the divide are now moving into a potentially explosive endgame. And even as trouble grows in the south, in the western region of Darfur and in neighbouring Chad millions continue to suffer daily in refugee camps -- seven years after the Darfur conflict erupted. People there are unsure whether their fate is worse than death. Militias surround these supposed places of safety, and women are raped walking for firewood; rations are meagre; and the hope of returning home diminishes with every passing year.

Further complicating the global picture, Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, is wanted by the international criminal court for war crimes including genocide. He has since taken his revenge by throwing several aid agencies out of Darfur -- precisely where humanitarian needs remain critical.

I visited Sudan many times during the war, and have since been to Chad to see those desperate people living in a raging heat surrounded by little more than sticks and earth. In southern Sudan every child had their own story of atrocity, whether the loss of a parent to the swipe of a machete, the burning of their home and their crops by horseback militias, or the long walks across barren nothingness with no food or water.

The lines are blurred by many complex factors, one of which is oil. While the country remains intact, the preferred method of extraction by the northern government has been to burn the tribal peoples from their land. But should the country be partitioned in two, about 87% of oil revenue would be held by the south. Will Khartoum really let those oilfields go?

CONTINUES BELOW


The consequences of a return to war will be dire not just for Sudan. The northern government is backed and armed by China, which exploits many of the oilfields, while the south is backed largely by the US and other Western countries. Meanwhile, the north was home to Osama bin Laden, who lived in Sudan from 1992 to 1996.

With a year left to act, a lasting peace for Africa's largest country may yet be a possibility, but campaigners will have to shout loud to be heard when there are conflicts where Western soldiers are currently engaged. Many Sudanese now feel it is time for Barack Obama to earn his Nobel Peace Prize. After all, it is not peacekeepers or sanctions or soldiers that the civilian population are seeking. The Sudanese understand that only dialogue can now prevent a return to war. - guardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media 2010
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Comments

May peace be unto Sudan.
News man99 on January 6, 2010, 8:02 am
Such pain and suffering will never stop. It hurts to know that it's innocent children that have to endure such unfair hardships because of disagreements and or bruised egos of a few money hungry individuals. where is the fairness in any of this? there is of course none.
specialised medium on January 6, 2010, 11:40 am
First they don't want western peackeepers, now they do want them, I think this article was written by a patronizing do-gooder who likes to run around africa in his 4x4 and explain his deep knowledge of the way things are done. It's Sudan, there is not a hell of a lot to do, they don't have the energy to run around frothing at the mouth hacking people up with machettes on a daily basis. I don't believe a word of it, but I am sure this dude can now rely on more donations so that he can fuel his private jet.
white trash on January 6, 2010, 11:59 am
What does Sudan and the Sudanese offer the world - me thinks zippo!
on January 6, 2010, 12:09 pm
Despite the many weaknesses of the CPA which have plagued its enforcement for five years, it remains the only viable accord between the North and South. To a large extent it also meets the legitimate concerns of both peoples- even the North recognises that democracy is inevitable for the country.
As John Garang remarked after the signing, both peoples ought to live in unity and peace, but only if the North made unity possible by cooperating in the effort to uplift the life of Southern Sudanese through economic and political development of the region and its autonomous political institutions.
That never happened and now it looks like secession is the only option Southerners have. With internal divisions, insecurity and lack of institutional capacities, there will obviously be challenges for the new state. However, the international community should help Southern Sudanese achieve statehood under whatever conditions.
John Onyando on January 6, 2010, 1:07 pm
Agreed John, essentially it is a sudanese problem to be solved by their own people, no need for outside peacekeepers or mediators. I still maintain that the death figures mentioned probably cannot be verified, and as such should not be printed as fact.
white trash on January 6, 2010, 1:40 pm
This article is just neo-colonial clap-trap. Is it not?
Victor Brown on January 6, 2010, 1:55 pm
I'm in disagreement with the idea that this should be left to the people of Sudan to solve on their own. I think the world should be able to rally around a people whose rights and lives are endangered, such as the people of South Sudan, a life lost is too many...and Africa is not yet free until the Arican people in Sudan are free
Opinion s on January 6, 2010, 5:00 pm
Although I think that Sudan's problems are self-created and as such they should sort themselves out, I don't think they will be able to do this without outside assistance. Either in the form of mediators or additional aide.

And does it really matter whether the "death figures mentioned probably cannot be verified" as poking nose suggests? Many innocent people died and suffered greatly - that is all that is important.
Concerned Citizen on January 7, 2010, 12:21 pm
The gulf between the arab muslim north and black christian south is just too wide for any meaningful solution to this timeless squabble to be found. Factor in oil,china/vs America/West,tribalism,ideological differences and the very geographical vastness of this country and we definitely have a powder keg.
kevin sithole on January 7, 2010, 1:13 pm
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